by Stanley G. Payne · Alianza Editorial · tapa blanda · ISBN 9788420683300
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This documented essay aims to define fascism through the comparative study of the various movements that have wielded that name or have received it from their adversaries. Stanley G. Payne establishes the criteria that differentiate fascism from both the conservative authoritarian right and the extreme right. The systems of Mussolini and Hitler, the regimes of Franco and Salazar, the mimetic expansion of the phenomenon in various European nations, and the diffusion of its doctrinal traits in other places on the planet provide rich empirical material for the synthesis. In his search for a typology of «generic fascism», Payne rejects monocausal explanations, emphasizes the complexity of this movement, and points out the common ideological, political, and rhetorical traits of a peculiarly European manifestation historically framed in the interwar period.
Stanley G. Payne is an American academic and historian, specialized in the history of modern Spain and European fascist movements at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He retired from full-time teaching in 2004 and is currently Professor Emeritus at its Department of History. His works on the Spanish Civil War and the Francoist period received various estimates: while by the 1980s he had earned the reputation of "America's most prolific historian of Spain", in the 21st century his later works became known for their "revisionist" approach, and received criticism from other historians as overly benevolent towards Falangism and for allegedly spreading Francoist narratives. However, other historians have praised Payne's work in the 21st century. In 2018, Julius Ruiz praised Payne's 2017 work Alcala Zamora and the Failure of the Spanish Republic.
